History
Independent article: History of Hungary

In the instance of the Roman Empire, a Romans known as the area Pannonia (west from a Danube river). Fallowing Rome fell a Migration Period brought on numbers of encroacher. Number one come a Huns, who built higher the mighty empire under Attila. A title "Hungary" is influenced per title of the Hun humans, although it probably comes from either the title of a late, 7th century state known as Onogur (or even from either a title of the city Ungvár, which was possibly a number one major city a magyars occupied). Fallowing a Hunnish rule faded, Germanic tribes Lombards and Gepids ruled in Pannonia for astir Centred years, when you took which a Slavic tribes also began migrating south. In the 560s, these were supplanted by the Avars who would maintain their supremacy of the land for terminated deuce centuries. A Franks under Charlemagne from a west & the Bulgars from a southeast eventually managed to overthrow the Avars in the early 9th century. Shortly fallowing, a Franks retreated, & a Slavonic kingdom of Great Moravia and the Balaton Principality controlled much of Pannonia until a prevent of the century. Eventually, a Magyars migrated to Hungary in the late 9th century.

Tradition holds that a United states of the Magyars (Hungary) was founded by Árpád, who led a Magyars into the Pannonian plains after 895. A Kingdom of Hungary was established in 1000 by King St. Stephen I. At the start the history of Hungary was developed within a triangle thereupon of Poland and Bohemia, by having a numbers of liaisons with Popes & Emperors of the Holy Roman Empire. Hungary was part demolished using a great loss of life inside 1241–1242 by Mongol (Tatar) armies of Batu Khan.

Gradually Hungary under a rule of the dynasty of the Árpáds turned into an independent kingdom which formed a distinct Central European culture by owning ties to greater West European civilisation. Ruled per Angevins since 1308, the Kingdom of Hungary briefly extended its control on top Wallachia and Moldavia. A non-dynastic king Matthias Corvinus, son of John Hunyadi, ruled the Kingdom of Hungary from either 1458 to 1490. He strengthened Hungary & its government. Under his rule, Hungary (notably a northern area, a bit of of which are then around Slovakia today) became an important artistic & ethnic centre of Europe in a period of the Renaissance. Hungarian culture influenced others, for instance a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Together by having Polish and Czech lands, Hungary formed the Visegrád group of countries. In todays world an alliance of a equivalent title lives once more by owning the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland.

Hungarian independence ended by owning a Ottoman conquest at the beginning of the 16th century; the area of Hungary that were non conquered per Ottomans were annexed by Austria (a rulers of which were Hungarian kings at a equivalent instance) in the West, & became the independent Principality of Transylvania in the East, where so Hungarian statedom was preserved. When 150 years, Austria and her Christian allies retook also a territory of now's Hungary per prevent of the 17th century from the Islamic Ottoman Empire.

When a final retreat of the Turks, struggle began between a Hungarian united states & the Habsburg kings for the protection of noblemen's rights (thus guarding a autonomy of Hungary). the fight against Austrian absolutism resulted in the stillborn popular freedom fight led by a Transylvanian lord, Ferenc II Rákóczi, between 1704 and 1711. A revolution & war of 1848–1849 eliminated serfdom and secured civil rights. A Austrians were eventually take a breath to prevail lone using Russian support.

Thanks to a triumph against Austria per French-Italian coalition (the Battle of Solferino, 1859) and Prussia (Battle of Königgratz, 1866), Hungary would eventually, around 1867, manage to get an autonomous section of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (see Ausgleich). With achieved this, a Hungarian government took an effort to nationally unify a kingdom by Magyarisation of the various other nationalities. This lasted until a prevent of World War I, when a Austro-Hungarian empire collapsed. In November 16, 1918, an independent Hungarian Republic was proclaimed.

Inside March 1919 the communists took power, and around April, Béla Kun proclaimed the Hungarian Soviet Republic. This government, prefer its predecessor, proved to become short lived; fallowing a bit of initial military successes against a Czechoslovak army, a Romanians attacked to prevent the campaign around Transylvania. By August to a higher degree half of present-contemporary Hungary, including Budapest, was set under Romanian occupation, which lasted until November. Right-wing force, led per previous Austro-Hungarian Admiral Miklós Horthy, entered Budapest in the wake of the Romanian army's departure & filled a vacuum of state power. Within January 1920, elections were held for the unicameral assembly, & Admiral Horthy was later elective Regent, thereby formally restoring Hungary to a kingdom, although there were those days are gone Kings of Hungary, despite tries per previous Habsburg king to go to to power. Horthy continued to rule by having autocratic powers until 1944.

Within June 1920, a Treaty of Trianon was signed, fixing Hungary's borders. Likened using a pre-war Kingdom, a size & people of this newly Hungary were reduced by two or three-thirds; astir a single-third of the Magyar people became minorities in the neighboring countries. So, Hungarian politics & culture of the interwar time were saturated by owning irredentism and revisionism (the restoration of 19th century "greater Hungary" by whatever means necessary).

Horthy manufactured an alliance by having Nazi Germany in the 1930s, in the hope of revising the territorial losses that experienced followed Globe War I personally. A alliance did lead to a select few territories existence given to Hungary in the ii Vienna Awards. Hungary so assisted a German occupation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, occupying the Banat right afterwards, & eventually entered World War II in 1941, fighting primarily against a Soviet Union. Around October 1944, Hitler replaced Horthy with a Hungarian Nazi collaborator Ferenc Szálasi and his Arrow Cross Party in order to avert Hungary's defection to a Allied side, which were constantly on schedule since the Allied invasion of Italy. In a period of the Holocaust to a higher degree 400,000 Hungarian Jews and many tens of hundreds to thousands of Roma perished.

As the consequence a fall of Nazi Germany, Hungary became section of the Soviet locality of influence & was appropriated into a communist state following a short period of democracy around 1946–1947. When 1948 Communistic leader Mátyás Rákosi established the Stalinist rule out the united states, which was barely endurable for the war-war-worn united states. This led to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and an announced withdrawal from either a Warsaw Pact which were met with the massive military intervention per Soviet Union. From either the Sixties in to the late 1980s Hungary enjoyed a distinguished status of "the happiest barrack" within the Eastern bloc, under the rule of late controversial communistic leader János Kádár, who exercised autocratic rule in the cycle of this period. In the late 1980s, Hungary led the movement to dissolve the Warsaw Pact & shifted toward multiparty democracy & a market-oriented economy. Ensuing a collapse of the Soviet Union inside 1991, Hungary developed closer ties by owning American Europe, joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union on May 1, 2004.

Watch As well: Kingdom of Hungary, Hungary before the Magyars

Politics
Independent article: Politics of Hungary

A President of the Republic, elected by the parliament every 5 years, has a largely ceremonial role, however powers too include appointing the prime minister. A prime minister selects cabinet ministers and has a perquisite to forget about the babies. For even each 1 cabinet campaigner appears prior to one or other parliamentary committees inside consultatory open hearings & must exist as formally approved per president.

A unicameral, 386-member National Assembly (the Országgyűlés) is the greatest organ of state authority & initiates & approves legislation sponsored per prime minister. National parliamentary elections come held each Iv years (a survive was inside April 2002). The 15-member Constitutional Court has power to challenge legislatiin on evidence of unconstitutionality.

Administrative divisions
Independent article: Counties of Hungary

Hungary is subdivided administratively into Nineteen counties, additionally to which there exists of these capital city (főváros): Budapest. There are as well Xxii thus-supposed urban counties (singular megyei jogú város), Which are actually:

Urban counties

Counties (County Capital)

Békéscsaba Debrecen Dunaújváros Eger Győr Hódmezővásárhely Kaposvár Kecskemét Miskolc Nagykanizsa Nyíregyháza Pécs Salgótarján Sopron Szeged Székesfehérvár Szekszárd Szolnok Szombathely Tatabánya Veszprém Zalaegerszeg

Bács-Kiskun (Kecskemét) Baranya (Pécs) Békés (Békéscsaba) Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén (Miskolc) Csongrád (Szeged) Fejér (Székesfehérvár) Győr-Moson-Sopron (Győr) Hajdú-Bihar (Debrecen) Heves (Eger) Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok (Szolnok) Komárom-Esztergom (Tatabánya) Nógrád (Salgótarján) Pest (Budapest) Somogy (Kaposvár) Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg (Nyíregyháza) Tolna (Szekszárd) Vas (Szombathely) Veszprém (Veszprém) Zala (Zalaegerszeg)

View as well: List of historic counties of Hungary

Geography
Independent article: Geography of Hungary

Hungary's landscape consists mostly of the flat to rolling plains of the Carpathian Basin, with hills & moo mountains northwards along a Slovakian border (highest point: a Kékes at 1,014 m). Hungary is divided inside both by its independent waterway, a Danube (Duna); other big lakes include a Tisza and Dráva, while a american half contains Lake Balaton, a major water. A big thermal flow of any stream in the globe, Lake Hévíz (Hévíz Spa), is located in Hungary. A 2nd big flow of any stream in the Carpathian Basin (and probably a big artificial flow of any stream around Europe) is Lake Theiss (Tisza-tó).

Climate

Hungary has the continental climate, with cold, cloudy, humid winters & caring to hot summers. Typical annual temperature is Ennead.Heptad °C. Temperature extremes come astir 38 °C in the summertime & −Xxix °C in the wintertime. Typical temperature in the summertime is 27 to 32 °C, & in the wintertime these are 0 to −15 °C. A typical annually rain is about 600 millimetre. The little, southern vicinity of the united states touching Pécs enjoys a Mediterranean climate.

A proportional isolation of the Carpathian Basin makes it susceptible to droughts and a results of global warming are already felt. Based on data from popular opinion, & numerous man of science in a latest decades the united states became drier, when droughts come quite most common; & summers became hotter, winters became milder. Because one reasons snow has get tremendously additional uncommon in the area than prior to. Popular opinion too states that the 4-year patterns became a 2-year body when spring and autumn are getting shorter & shorter, possibly vanishing a select few years.

Virtually all of Hungary is surrounded by heavy forests & mountainous plains.

Economy
Independent article: Economy of Hungary

Hungary continues to demonstrate moderate-to-heavy economic incubation when one of a newly members of the European Union (since 2004). A personal sector accounts for assibilate 80% of GDP. Foreign ownership of & investment within Hungarian house wrecks havoc, by using accumulative foreign directly investment totalling to a higher degree Me$23 billion since 1989. Hungarian sovereign debt was upgraded within 2000 to the second-greatest rating among all the Central European transition economies. Inflation and unemployment – both priority concerns in 2001 – have declined substantially, however a suicide rate remains stubbornly high. Economic reform measures like health care reform, taxation reform, & local government funding own non however been addressed per present government.

Demographics
Historical
in the area of 900 - based on data from various sources 250,000 - 400,000 Magyars settled in the Pannonian plain, inhabited predominantly by Slavs & Germans 1222 - 2,000,000 at a instance of Golden Bull 1242 - 1,200,000 when a Mongol-Tatars invasion 1370 - 2,500,000 at a period of Angevin kings 1490 - 4,000,000 prior to a Ottoman conquest (Tierce.Two million Magyars) 1699 - 3,300,000 at a instance of Treaty of Karlowitz (less than 2 million Magyars) 1711 - 3,000,000 at a prevent of Kuruc War (1.6 million Magyars) 1790 - 8,000,000 (39% Magyars) 1828 - 11,495,536 1846 - 12,033,399 1880 - 13,749,603 (46% Magyars) 1900 - 16,838,255 (51,4% Magyars) 1910 - 18,264,533 (54,5% Magyars) 1920 - 7.516.000 fallowing a Treaty of Trianon (90% Magyars)

Present
Independent article: Demographics of Hungary

For occasionally 95% of the people, mostly Hungarians, the maternal language is Hungarian, a Finno Ugric language unrelated to any neighbouring language. Many ethnic minorities survive: Roma (2%), Germans (1.2%), Romanians (0.8%), Slovaks (0.4%), Croats (0.2%), Serbs (0.2%) & Ukrainians (0.1%).

A big religion inside Hungary is Catholicism – Roman and Greek – (approx 2 thirds of the people), by owning the Calvinist minority (around 20%) & Lutherans (5%). All a same, which are actually book values, when the Hungarian people is non particularly religious; at the most 25% practise their faith. Virtually all of the united states's Jews (1%) live in Budapest.

Many big Hungarian minority populations exist through a borders inside neighbouring countries, notably inside Ukraine (in Transcarpathia), Slovakia, Romania (in Transylvania), and Serbia (in Vojvodina). Little ones come present within Austria (in Burgenland), Croatia, and Slovenia.

Minorities

Many ethnic minorities survive: Roma (2%), Germans (1.2%), Romanians (0.8%), Slovaks (0.4%), Croats (0.2%), Serbs (0.2%) & Ukrainians (0.1%). When regards education, there are favorite problems associated sustaining a Roma minority. Presently slightly to a higher degree 70 percent of Roma babies complete primary schooling, but only a single third prove my point studies into a average (secondary) level. This is far lower berth than a further than Xc percent proportion of tikes of non-Roma families world health organization prove my point studies at an medium level. the situation is mass produced however worse per fact that a big proportion of young Roma come experienced enough within cases that provide the children by having lone limited chances for employment. Less than One percent of Roma hang on to higher training certificates.

Culture
Independent article: Culture of Hungary

Common Hungarian surnames Eastern name order used in Hungarian personal names Hungarian jokes List of Hungarians List of Hungarian rulers List of universities in Hungary List of colleges in Hungary List of Hungarian writers Hungarian cuisine Music of Hungary Public holidays in Hungary Turáni átok

Miscellaneous topics
Communications in Hungary Foreign relations of Hungary [http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Hungarian Wikipedia] List of cities in Hungary Military of Hungary Name days in Hungary Transportation in Hungary History of the Jews in Hungary